Research Interests

Biomedical instrumentation; electrical impedance tomography and spectroscopy; medical imaging; tissue bioimpedance; cancer detection technologies; traumatic brain injury; medical robotics

Education

• BSc Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University 1999
• MSc Engineering Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University 2001
• PhD Biomedical Engineering, Dartmouth College 2006

Awards

• Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Gold Snapshot Award (2021)
• New Investigator Award in Prostate Cancer Research: DoD CDMRP (2009-2012)
• Research Robotic Fellowship: Intuitive Surgical, Inc (2009-2011)

Professional Activities

• Member, Institue of Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
• Member, International Society for Electrical Bio-Impedance (ISEBI)
• Member, Dartmouth's Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (CPHS)

Startups

Research Projects

• Electrical bioimpedance

  Electrical bioimpedance

  Electrical bioimpedance measurements of tissue provide significant levels of contrast between benign and malignant pathologies due to the vastly different morphologies occurring between tissue types. Focal sensing or mapping of these properties can provide clinicians useful information regarding the extent and severity of diseases like cancer. Our group is currently developing technologies to couple bioimpedance sensors to clinical devices including: 1) intraoperative instruments for use in assessing surgical margins during tumor resection; and 2) standard biopsy needles for use in providing real-time pathological assessment of tissue.

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• Electrical impedance imaging for breast cancer screening

  Electrical impedance imaging for breast cancer screening

  Electrical impedance imaging for breast cancer screening is the process of imaging the electrical property (conductivity and permitivity) of tissue using electrodes located on the body surface. This project is one branch of the larger effort to develop innovative technologies for breast cancer detection.

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• Electrical impedance imaging for prostate cancer screening

  Electrical impedance imaging for prostate cancer screening

  Electrical impedance imaging for prostate cancer screening is the process of imaging non-invasively the electrical properties (conductivity and permittivity) of the prostate and its vicinity using electrodes mounted onto an intracavitary probe.

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• Combined ultrasound and electrical impedance tomography (EIT)

  Combined ultrasound and electrical impedance tomography (EIT)

  Combined ultrasound and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) puts 3-D ultrasound imaging together with EIT data in a co-registered volume. EIT relies on the mathematical processing of impedance data collected non-invasively from patients to reconstruct the 3-D distribution of the electrical properties of the tissues inside the patient. Combining ultrasound and EIT has the potential to greatly improve the quality and spatial resolution of the reconstructed electrical properties.

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• Therapy monitoring

  Therapy monitoring

  Therapy monitoring is an important emerging application of imaging modalities. These and other current research topics include:

  • near-infrared imaging of brain tissue;
  • near-infrared spectroscopy for diagnosing peripheral vascular disease;
  • electrical impedance spectroscopy for radiation therapy monitoring;
  • magnetic resonance elastography for detecting brain or prostate lesions; to follow the progression of diabetic damage in the foot; and to answer basic questions of wave propagation in tissue;
  • microwave imaging spectroscopy for hyperthermia therapy monitoring, brain imaging, and detection of early-stage osteoporosis;
  • electrical impedance tomography for monitoring traumatic brain injury progression and therapy.

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• Electrical impedance tomography in pulmonary and cardiac applications

  Electrical impedance tomography in pulmonary and cardiac applications

  The most common application, so far, of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been pulmonary monitoring of patients. In particular, we have been pursuing EIT for cardiac output monitoring (a related application) and EIT as a surrogate for pulmonary function tests.

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• Enabling technologies for effective image-guided surgical navigation in trans-oral cancer surgery

  Enabling technologies for effective image-guided surgical navigation in trans-oral cancer surgery

  Throat cancers have been increasing in incidence worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and non-surgical management of these cancers, treatment continues to be associated with significant functional and cosmetic morbidity. More minimally invasive trans-oral surgical (TOS) approaches have reduced treatment morbidity and complications. However, one drawback of TOS is the difficulty in intraoperatively assessing tumor extent and locating major vascular structures. Surgical navigation with image guidance has shown improved safety and efficacy with other surgical procedures; however it is currently not feasible in TOS due to the soft tissue and airway deformation that occurs with placement of instruments needed to access the throat, thus rendering preoperative scans unusable in the intraoperative setting.

  The overarching objective of our research is to develop enabling technologies that allow for surgical navigation with image guidance for TOS. Our research strategy is to acquire intraoperative imaging during TOS in order to develop models of upper aerodigestive tract deformation that reflect the intraoperative state. This, in turn, would allow for registration of preoperative images to the intraoperative state. We are well equipped to solve this problem due to the unique intraoperative CT and MR imaging resources available at the Dartmouth Center for Surgical Innovation. We have successfully developed a 3D printable polymer laryngoscopy system which, unlike standard metal laryngoscopes, is CT and MRI compatible. We have also acquired preliminary intraoperative imaging data during laryngoscopy procedures. The next steps in this research will be to further quantify and characterize tissue deformation that occurs during TOS and ultimately develop a surgical navigation platform for trans-oral procedures.

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• Combined whole breast ultrasound and electrical impedance tomography

  Combined whole breast ultrasound and electrical impedance tomography

  Ultrasound is a supplemental screening technique that has good sensitivity in dense breasts, is inexpensive, and is widely available, but unfortunately, it has high rates of false positives. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a second attractive modality that is low-cost and has shown promise for cancer detection and in differentiating fibrocystic tissues from other tissues. Combining automated whole breast ultrasound (ABUS), which is a recent improvement to standard ultrasound, with EIT may significantly reduce the number of false positives of ABUS. If successful, the combined ABUS/EIT system could become an important screening technology for women with dense breasts.

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Selected Publications

• Halter RJ, Schned AR, Heaney JA, Hartov A, Paulsen KD, "Electrical properties of prostatic tissues: I. single frequency admittivity properties," Journal of Urology, 182:1600-1607, 2009.
• Halter RJ, Schned AR, Heaney JA, Hartov A, Paulsen KD, "Electrical properties of prostatic tissues: II. Spectral admittivity properties," Journal of Urology, 182:1608-1613, 2009.
• Halter RJ, Zhou T, Meaney PM, Hartov A, Barth, Jr RJ, Rosenkranz KM, Wells WA, Kogel CA, Borsic A, Rizzo EJ, Paulsen KD "Correlation of in vivo and ex vivo tissue dielectric properties to validate electromagnetic breast imaging: initial clinical experience," Physiological Measurement, 30:S121-S136, 2009.
• Halter RJ, Hartov A, Paulsen KD, "Video Rate Electrical Impedance Tomography of Vascular Changes: Preclinical Development," Physiological Measurement, 29(3):349-364, 2008.
• Halter RJ, Hartov A, Paulsen KD, "A broadband high frequency electrical impedance tomography system for breast imaging," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(2):650-659, 2008.

Courses

• ENGS 169: Intermediate Biomedical Engineering
• ENGS 57: Intermediate Biomedical Engineering

Videos

News

Symposium Explores AI Revolution in Health Care
Apr 04, 2024

Dartmouth Engineering Startup Receives $1.8M NIH Grant for Remote Exercise Monitoring System
Sep 13, 2023

New Dartmouth Center Applies AI to Improve Health Outcomes
Jun 05, 2023

Dartmouth Startup Wins Funding for Remote Physical Therapy Monitoring System
Apr 20, 2021

Joint Dartmouth-Hitchcock and Dartmouth Team Wins Society of Critical Care Medicine Award
Dec 16, 2020

Dartmouth Awarded NIH Grant for Device to Detect Cancer Left Behind During Surgery
Aug 25, 2020

Dartmouth-Hitchcock awarded $3 million to develop new trauma technology
Oct 19, 2018

Exploring Applications of Technology in Health and Wellness
Feb 12, 2018

Graduate Poster Session Celebrates Students' Research
May 16, 2017

Professors Ackerman and Halter Receive Faculty Mentor Awards
Apr 28, 2016

Student Awarded Mazilu Engineering Research Fellowship
Apr 08, 2015

Dartmouth, Clemson Get $1.5 Million NSF Health Tech Grant
Oct 29, 2013

Dartmouth engineering professor assists with testing of new cardiac pump
Sep 03, 2013

Dartmouth Research Imparts Momentum to Mobile Health
Sep 12, 2012

State Prostate Cancer Coalition Funds Cancer Center Research
Dec 16, 2011

Medical/Business and Engineering Students Team Up to Win Dartmouth Business Plan Competition
Jun 22, 2011

In the News